The Associations between Bone Mineral Density and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women / 가정의학회지

Background@#Oxidative stress plays an essential role in bone health among postmenopausal women. This study aimed to compare the oxidative stress biomarkers among postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years with normal bone mineral density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. @*Methods@#In this observational study, 120 women with normal bone mineral density, 82 with osteopenia, and 86 with osteoporosis were selected based on the densitometry data obtained from the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using biochemical methods. A binary logistic regression model adjusted for confounders was used to estimate the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. The P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. @*Results@#There were significant differences between the three groups in age, menopausal age, body mass index, and education (P<0.05). According to the binary logistic regression model, higher SOD activity and serum TAC levels were associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.991; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.986 to 0.996; and aOR, 0.373; 95% CI, 0.141 to 0.986, respectively). MDA was a significant risk factor for osteopenia in postmenopausal women (aOR, 1.702; 95% CI, 1.125 to 2.576). @*Conclusion@#Higher SOD activity and serum TAC levels in the studied postmenopausal women were associated with a significantly lower risk of osteoporosis. Moreover, the risk of osteopenia increased significantly with higher serum MDA levels.

Urinary and milk iodine status in neonates and their mothers during congenital hypothyroidism screening program in eastern Azerbaijan: a pilot study

Iodine is essential element in thyroid hormones synthesis and normal growth and development of the brain. Milk and iodine concentrations can be appropriate indicator of body iodine status; in this study, we evaluated the concentrations of urine and milk iodine in newborns and their mothers. In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013, urine and milk iodine in 106 neonates and their mothers referred to healthcare center in Shabestar, Eastern Azerbaijan for congenital hypothyroidism screening program were determined. Median urinary iodine < 100 micro g/L and milk iodine < 50 micro g/L was considered as iodine deficiency. The median urine iodine concentrations [UIC] in mothers and infants were 142.31 micro g/L [.0 - 1260] and 306.76 micro g/L [23.56-1020] respectively. Urine iodine concentrations were < 100 micro g/L in 33.9% of mothers and 14.2% of neonates. The median milk iodine concentration [MIC] was 58.23 micro g/L [20.31- 425] and in 41.9% of mothers was <50 micro g/L. A positive significant correlation was found between milk iodine and maternal urinary iodine concentration [r=0.533, P= 0.000]. There was significant correlation between neonatal UIC and maternal UIC [r=0.462, P= 0.000], neonatal UIC and MIC [r=0.414, P= 0.000]. Urinary and milk iodine concentrations in mothers and infants were within acceptable range, which indicates adequate iodine intake. However, there were moderate and marginal iodine deficiencies in about half percentage of participants. Insufficient amount of milk iodine in about half of the mothers can result in iodine deficiency in breast-fed infants

Metabolic syndrome and its characteristics among reproductive-aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study in northwest Iran

Metabolic syndrome [MetS] is a clustering of factors known to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease [CVD] and diabetes mellitus. Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS], the most common endocrine disorder among reproductive-aged women, is also closely linked to MetS. Limited information is available pertaining to the prevalence of MetS in Iranian PCOS women; therefore this study assesses the frequency of MetS and its components among PCOS women from Tabriz, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated a total of 200 women with PCOS who referred to the only specialty and subspecialty gynecological center in Northwestern Iran. PCOS was diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria. This study defined clinical and biochemical parameters for MetS by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III [NCEP ATP III] criteria. Statistical analyses were performed with descriptive-analytical methods using SPSS software version 16. MetS was identified in 39.5% of PCOS women. The frequencies of individual components of MetS among studied subjects were: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level [HDL-C]<50 mg/ dL [99.5%], waist circumference[WC] >/=88cm [65%], triglycerides [TG] >/=150 mg/dL[98%], and blood pressure>/=130/85 mmHg[34%].There were no fasting glucose concentrations>/=110 mg/dL. The frequency of MetS increased with body mass index [BMI]as follows: normal [5.4%], overweight [41.5%] and obese [85.7%] women [p<0.0001]. The PCOS women in this study had a high frequency of MetS and its individual components, particularly decreased HDL-C and increased triglyceride levels. These data can useful for lifestyle modification programs

effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc, alkaline phosphatase activity and fracture healing of bones

To determine the effect of zinc supplementation on callus formation, serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase activity in humans. This randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with traumatic bone fracture referred to Shohada Hospital of Tabriz, Iran from August to December 2007. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: cases [n=30], receiving one capsule of zinc sulfate consists of 50 mg zinc each day and the controls [n=30], receiving placebo for 60 days. Individual and clinical information was determined by a questionnaire: nutritional intake by 3 days food records at the beginning and the end of trial. Serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and by enzymatic method. Callus formation during fracture healing was evaluated by radiography of the bone. There was no significant difference in physical activity, gender, age, type of fractures, and nutrient intake, between the 2 groups. The administration of zinc caused a significant elevation of serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase activity. Assessment of bone x- rays showed a significant progress in callus formation in cases compared to the controls. This study shows that zinc supplementation can stimulate fracture healing, however, it needs further study